Chemical and Analytical Hydrology Tests
- Ground, Geothermal and Formation Waters
- Anions by Ion Chromatography F, Cl, NO 2, PO 4, Br, NO 3, SO 4
- Cations by ICP-MS
- Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
- Dissolved Organic Carbon Analyzed by oxidative combustion to CO 2 and detection by IR according to EPA Method 415.1.
- ICP-MS Scan (27 metals)
- D/H (water) Hydrogen in water is reduced to H 2 over a zinc metal catalyst, and the H 2 analyzed in a dual collecting isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
- 18O/ 16O (water) Oxygen in water is equilibrated isotopically with CO 2 of known 18O/ 16O ratio, and the CO2 analyzed in a dual collecting isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Water bodies such as lakes and regional precipitation have characteristic H/D and 18O/ 16O ratios which can be used to identify their contribution to mixed waters. This is particularly useful in identifying sources of subsurface waters.
- 34 S/ 32S of Dissolved SO 4 and H 2S Dissolved sulfate is precipitated as BaSO 4, and the sulfate reduced over quartz catalyst to SO 2, which is analyzed in a dual collecting isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The 34S/ 32S ratio of dissolved SO 4 has been used to identify sources of sulfur in water bodies and sources of water in mixed water bodies.
- 15N/ 14N of dissolved nitrate is measured by the cutting edge “Denitrifier Method”, which requires less than 100mL of sample nitrate water. N2O gas produced is analyzed in the GC-IRMS”. 15N/14N of dissolved NH 3 is measured by the diffusion method. NH 3 diffused from the solution and converted to (NH3)2SO4 on a “sulfuric acid filter sandwich”, which is then analyzed in the EA-IRMS.
- Dissolved NO 3 and NH 3 (required for N isotopes) Ammonia is analyzed by ammonium specific electrode.
- 13 C/ 12C of Dissolved Carbonate and CO 2 (precipitation method) Dissolved carbonate is precipitated as BaCO 3, which is converted to CO 2 and analyzed in a dual collecting isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The 13C/ 12C ratio can be used to identify the source of the CO 2 in the water.
- 13 C/ 12C of Solid Carbonate/Bicarbonate
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